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IVF & Fertility

Advanced Male Infertility Treatment (TESA/PESA + ICSI) in India

Explore world-class fertility solutions for male factor infertility with VRH Healthcare, your trusted patient-navigation partner.

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Understanding Male Infertility Treatment (TESA/PESA + ICSI) in India

Male Infertility Treatment involving TESA, PESA, and ICSI offers hope for couples facing severe male factor infertility. These advanced procedures are performed in India to retrieve sperm directly from the testes or epididymis when natural ejaculation is not possible or contains no viable sperm. The retrieved sperm is then used with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), a highly specialised IVF technique, to fertilise an egg. VRH Healthcare connects you with leading fertility specialists and state-of-the-art clinics in India, guiding you through every step of your journey towards parenthood.

Types / Variants of Male Infertility Treatment (TESA/PESA + ICSI)

1

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)

Sperm retrieved directly from the testis using a fine needle, often for non-obstructive azoospermia.

2

PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)

Sperm aspirated from the epididymis with a needle, typically for obstructive azoospermia.

3

Micro-TESE (Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction)

Surgical extraction of sperm from testicular tissue under a microscope, for severe non-obstructive cases.

4

TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)

Open surgical biopsy to extract sperm from testicular tissue, used when aspiration methods are insufficient.

5

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)

A single sperm is injected directly into an egg, enhancing fertilisation rates in IVF.

Your surgeon explains why a particular approach is recommended for you.

Technology & Techniques

In India, Male Infertility Treatment (TESA/PESA + ICSI) may be performed using:

High-resolution operating microscopes (for Micro-TESE)
Fine aspiration needles and syringes
Advanced embryology lab equipment
Micromanipulation systems for ICSI
Cryopreservation (sperm freezing) facilities
Time-lapse imaging for embryo selection

Benefits

  • Offers a profound opportunity for biological parenthood, even for men with severe forms of infertility.
  • Achieves significantly high fertilisation rates when combined with the precision of ICSI technology.
  • Minimally invasive options like PESA and TESA contribute to quicker recovery and less discomfort.
  • Sperm can be retrieved once and cryopreserved, allowing for multiple future IVF cycles without repeat procedures.
  • Access to highly experienced fertility specialists and advanced embryology labs across India.

Limitations

  • Does not guarantee a successful pregnancy or live birth, as overall success depends on numerous complex factors.
  • Involves surgical risks such as infection, bleeding, or discomfort at the sperm retrieval site.
  • There is a possibility of not finding viable sperm, particularly in very severe cases of non-obstructive azoospermia.
  • The entire process represents a significant emotional, physical, and financial commitment for the couple.
  • Requires the female partner to undergo the full IVF process, including ovarian stimulation and egg retrieval.

Diagnostics & Pre-Arrival Work-Up

Semen analysis (multiple reports)
Hormone profile (FSH, LH, Testosterone, Prolactin)
Genetic testing (Karyotyping, Y-chromosome microdeletion)
Scrotal ultrasound
Testicular biopsy reports (if performed previously)
Infectious disease screening (HIV, Hepatitis B/C)
Female partner's fertility assessment reports
Share reports securely for review and opinion
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Pre-Arrival & Travel Checklist

Medical records and imaging
Passport and medical visa
Pre-procedure instructions (medications, fasting)
Accommodation and airport pickup confirmation
Post-discharge recovery plan and tele-review schedule
Financial arrangements for treatment and stay

How the Procedure is Done (Step-by-Step)

1

Pre-Procedure Assessment

Comprehensive evaluation of both partners, including diagnostics, counselling, and treatment planning by fertility specialists.

2

Sperm Retrieval (TESA/PESA/TESE/Micro-TESE)

Under local or general anaesthesia, sperm is surgically aspirated or extracted directly from the epididymis or testicular tissue.

3

Sperm Processing

Retrieved tissue or fluid is processed in the lab to isolate viable sperm for immediate use or cryopreservation.

4

Egg Retrieval (Female Partner)

Eggs are retrieved from the female partner after ovarian stimulation, typically under mild sedation.

5

ICSI Fertilisation

A single, healthy sperm is injected into each mature egg using micromanipulation techniques in the embryology lab.

6

Embryo Culture & Transfer

Resulting embryos are cultured for several days, then one or more healthy embryos are transferred into the female partner's uterus.

7

Post-Procedure Monitoring

Monitoring for pregnancy and follow-up care for both partners, including counselling and support.

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Expected Outcomes & What Success Means

Successful retrieval of viable sperm for fertilisation.
Achieving fertilisation of eggs using ICSI.
Development of healthy embryos suitable for transfer.
Clinical pregnancy confirmed after embryo transfer.
Live birth of a healthy baby, the ultimate goal.
Emotional and psychological well-being through the journey.

Recovery & Follow-Up Timeline

Immediate Post-Retrieval (Male)Mild discomfort, swelling, or bruising at the retrieval site for a few days. Rest and pain relief are recommended.
Female Partner Recovery (Egg Retrieval)Mild cramping and bloating for a few days. Normal activities can usually resume within 24-48 hours.
Embryo Transfer & Two-Week WaitNo specific recovery for embryo transfer. The period awaiting pregnancy test results can be emotionally challenging.
Early Pregnancy MonitoringIf pregnant, regular follow-ups with an obstetrician. VRH can facilitate tele-consultations for initial monitoring.
Long-Term Follow-UpOngoing support and counselling as needed. VRH assists with post-discharge tele-reviews with your fertility specialist.

Fitness to fly and activity limits are centre-specific.

How Quickly Can I Start?

Step 1

Second Opinion

12–48 hours

Typically received after sharing medical reports.

Step 2

Scheduling

Variable

Depends on hospital availability and clinical priority.

Request timelines and estimates
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Costs & What Affects Your Estimate

Specific sperm retrieval technique (TESA, PESA, Micro-TESE)Number of ICSI cycles requiredNeed for sperm cryopreservationHospital choice and room categorySurgeon's experience and feesPre-treatment diagnostics and medicationsDuration of hospital stay (if any)Any additional fertility treatments or proceduresPost-procedure care and follow-ups

This page provides an overview of typical costs and influencing factors. A personalised cost estimate is shared after a medical review of your reports—please contact us to request your individual estimate.

Request an estimate
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How VRH Healthcare Helps

VRH Healthcare is not a hospital. We act as your medical facilitation and patient-navigation partner, helping you make informed decisions and move smoothly through care in India.

Independent second opinions (even if you already have an estimate)
Review of medical records and reports
Shortlisting appropriate hospitals and surgeons
Appointment scheduling and care timelines
Medical visa invitation letters (VILs)
Airport pickup, local transport, and accommodation near hospitals
Language interpreters and on-ground assistance
Indicative cost estimates based on medical review
Post-discharge tele-follow-ups
Talk to us first
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International Patient Services

Medical visa invitation letters
Airport transfers and local transport
Accommodation near the hospital
Language interpreters (Arabic, Russian, French, English)
Appointment coordination and updates for family
Post-discharge follow-ups via tele-consultation
Start with an opinion
Proceed

Your Care Journey with VRH

A simplified step-by-step guide to your treatment experience.

Step 01

Share medical reports

Step 02

Receive an expert second opinion and indicative estimate

Step 03

Plan travel, visa, and appointments

Step 04

Treatment with on-ground coordination

Step 05

Discharge and ongoing tele-follow-ups

You can request a second opinion at any stage—even if you already have an estimate.

Where We Serve: Countries We Support

Middle East

Saudi ArabiaOmanBahrainUAEYemenIraq

Language support, visa assistance, and coordinated care planning for fertility treatment.

Africa

NigeriaKenyaTanzaniaEthiopiaGhanaAngolaMozambiqueUgandaSudanChadGuinea

Support for diagnostics review, travel planning, and post-treatment follow-up for fertility care.

Central Asia & CIS

KazakhstanUzbekistanKyrgyzstanTajikistanRussia

Interpretation services and hospital coordination for fertility treatment.

South Asia

BangladeshNepalMaldivesSri LankaAfghanistan

Quick access to opinions, scheduling, and continuity of fertility care.

U.K. & USA

Second opinions, cost-sensitive planning, and post-return tele-follow-ups for fertility treatment.

Other Countries

Customised support based on individual travel and care needs for fertility treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between TESA and PESA?
TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) involves retrieving sperm directly from the testis, typically for men with non-obstructive azoospermia. PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) extracts sperm from the epididymis, usually for obstructive azoospermia. Your specialist will determine the most suitable method.
Is ICSI always performed with TESA/PESA?
Yes, when sperm is surgically retrieved via TESA or PESA, it is almost always combined with ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection). This is because the number of retrieved sperm is often low, and ICSI maximises the chances of fertilisation by directly injecting a single sperm into each egg.
What are the success rates for male infertility treatment with TESA/PESA + ICSI?
Success rates are highly variable and depend on many factors, including the underlying cause of male infertility, the quality of retrieved sperm, the female partner's age and egg quality, and the expertise of the fertility clinic. VRH Healthcare focuses on connecting you with centres known for their comprehensive approach and patient-specific care, rather than quoting generic statistics.
How long do I need to stay in India for this treatment?
The total duration can vary. The male partner's procedure (TESA/PESA) is typically an outpatient or short-stay procedure. However, the overall IVF cycle with ICSI, including the female partner's stimulation, egg retrieval, and embryo transfer, usually requires a stay of 3-4 weeks in India. VRH Healthcare will help coordinate your entire itinerary.
Can I freeze sperm retrieved via TESA/PESA?
Yes, it is common practice to cryopreserve (freeze) any excess viable sperm retrieved during TESA or PESA. This allows for future ICSI cycles without the need for repeat surgical retrieval, offering convenience and reducing stress for the male partner.
What support does VRH Healthcare offer during my treatment?
VRH Healthcare provides comprehensive support, including independent second opinions, hospital and surgeon shortlisting, appointment scheduling, medical visa assistance, airport transfers, accommodation, language interpreters, and post-discharge follow-ups, ensuring a smooth and stress-free experience.
Are there any age restrictions for male infertility treatment in India?
While there are no strict upper age limits for male partners, the overall success of fertility treatments is influenced by the female partner's age and ovarian reserve. Your fertility specialist will assess both partners' health and discuss the most appropriate treatment plan.
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